Effect of On-The-Job Training Period on Air Traffic Management Safety Performance in Kenya

Abstract

The quality of Air Traffic Management services during On-the-Job Training periods is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient air traffic operations. This study assessed the effect of On-the-Job Training on Air Traffic Management service delivery to air traffic in Kenyan airspace, focusing on establishing the influence of trainer experience, trainee educational background, workload during On-the-Job Training, and error management protocols on air traffic management safety performance in the Kenyan airspace. The theoretical framework is grounded in Experiential Learning Theory, Constructivist Learning Theory, and The 70:20:10 Learning Model. Quantitative techniques, including structured surveys, was utilized to gather data. The studywas conducted at Nairobi Area Control Center and Terminal Maneuvering Area, targeting 152 air traffic management personnel involved in On-the-Job Training, comprising air traffic controllers, trainers, and supervisors. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure representative selection, with a sample size of 108 determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Data collection involved structured questionnaires administered via Google Forms and printed copies, with a two-week completion timeframe. A pilot study involving 10% of the sample was conducted at Mombasa and Eldoret Terminal Maneuvering Area to assess reliability and validity, utilizing the split-half method and Cronbach’s alpha, with a threshold of 0.7 for reliability. Content validity was established through expert review and the content validity index. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, alongside inferential statistics, with regression analysis assessing the predictive strength of independent variables on air traffic management service quality. Hypothesis testing at a 95% confidence level determined statistical significance, ensuring a robust interpretation of relationships between variables. The study found that trainer experience (β = 0.248, p = 0.002), trainee educational background (β = 0.207, p = 0.045), workload management (β = 0.481, p = 0.000), and error management protocols (β = 0.030, p = 0.032) all had significant positive effects on ATM safety performance, with workload being the most impactful factor. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality, was strictly observed throughout the research process. The study concludes that ATM safety performance during OJT in Kenya is significantly influenced by trainer experience, trainee educational background, workload management, and error management protocols, with structured development, aligned curricula, phased workload strategies, and standardized error systems proving essential. To enhance these outcomes, it recommends policy reforms by KCAA, updated training curricula, dynamic workload tools, unified error frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and further research into post-certification performance and automation’s role in training.