Institutional Capacity on Resource-Based Conflict Resolution in Turkana North Sub-County, Kenya

Abstract

Resource-based conflict has intensified and led to competition over limited resources. The depletion of resources like water and pasture has worsened the conflict. The purpose of this study was to assessed the effectiveness of institutional capacity in resource-based conflict resolution in Turkana North sub-countyeffect. The study’s objectives were : to determine the existing institutional structures and frameworks involved in conflict resolution in Turkana North Sub- County, to establish the primary challenges and limitations institutions face in resolving resourcebased conflicts in Turkana North Sub-County, to assess the effectiveness of strategies and approaches employed by institutions to address resource-based conflicts in Turkana North Sub- County and to evaluate the effect of institutional capacities in communities peaceful co-exisistance in Turkana North Sub-county. The resource scarcity and institutional theories guided the study. The research employed a descriptive design and took place in the north of Turkana Sub-County. The study targeted 13,119 individuals, including both men and women, in Turkana North Sub- County. The Yamane (1973) formula was utilized to determine the sample size of household heads. Multistage and simple random sampling were used to select 388 household heads, while community elders and county security committee officials were selected using purposive and snowballing sampling methods. Data was collected using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to the selected household heads. Data was gathered from community elders using a focus group discussion guide, and key informant interviews were conducted with officials of the security committee across the seven counties. Preliminary research took place in the Laisamis Sub-County within Marsabit County. Data analysis included the use of statistical software for social sciences. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. A thematic analysis method was employed for qualitative data analysis. Findings revealed that community policing initiatives were largely perceived as ineffective, with 90% of respondents reporting low effectiveness, attributed to minimal involvement of community elders (14%) and irregular meetings by county government agencies (17%). Despite a moderate presence of the Kenya Police Service (82%), conflict resolution efforts heavily depended on community-driven approaches. Local government officials implemented agreements and traditional conflict resolution mechanisms were widely used. There was 60% disagreement on community willingness to participate (Mean=1.40; Std. Dev=0.49), perceptions of political support (Mean=1.49), peacebuilding engagement (Mean=1.47), legal frameworks (Mean=1.46), and sensitization efforts (Mean=1.47). Religious groups and schools, engaged actively despite challenges, while international agencies, seen as disconnected, underscored the need for improved strategies, coordination, and resources for conflict resolution. The study suggests improving government presence in rural areas, promotion of partnerships with NGOs and community groups, integrating traditional conflict resolution methods, and addressing corruption in conflict resolution approaches in Turkana County. The study concludes that the Kenya Police Service's limited presence and infrequent county meetings challenge conflict resolution. Rural communities feel neglected due to inadequate responses and prioritization of urban areas in peacebuilding efforts. The study recommends increased government engagement in rural communities to enhance conflict resolution. There should be frequent county meetings, swift conflict responses and improved communication with locals.