Monitoring and Evaluation Tenets and Financial Performance of Public Universities in Kenya: A Case of Kenyatta University

Abstract

The effective implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems is pivotal for enhancing institutional performance, yet its specific impact on financial outcomes within Kenyan public higher education remains underexplored. This study investigated the influence of three core M&E tenets—monitored data, feedback mechanisms, and lessons learned—on the perceived financial performance of public universities in Kenya, utilizing Kenyatta University as an in-depth case study. Grounded in Resource Dependence Theory, the research aimed to understand how these M&E practices contribute to institutional adaptation and accountability concerning financial resources. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating quantitative survey data from 33 respondents with qualitative insights from 14 key informant interviews. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, then analyzed using SPSS for statistical measures and NVivo software for thematic analysis of qualitative responses. Key findings revealed that while foundational M&E structures are established at Kenyatta University, their capacity to positively influence financial performance is significantly constrained by critical operational challenges. These include fragmented data systems impairing the utility of monitored data, weak and often informal feedback mechanisms hindering actionable responses, and a limited institutional capacity to systematically capture and apply lessons learned. Despite these issues, emerging initiatives in digital M&E and staff capacity building indicate a latent potential for systemic improvement. This study concludes that substantial enhancements in financial accountability, transparency, and resource utilization are achievable through the strategic strengthening of M&E integration, formalization, and associated capacities. It is recommended that public universities prioritize investment in integrated digital M&E platforms, establish structured stakeholder feedback forums, and implement targeted, continuous capacity-building programs to transform their M&E systems into more effective tools for improving financial performance and ensuring long-term sustainability.