Monitoring And Evaluation Practices On Project Performance Of Non-Governmental Organizations In Kenya, A Case Of Machakos County

Abstract

Despite the increasing number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) implementing projects in Kenya, many continue to face challenges in project completion and sustainability. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) practices are increasingly recognized as key to improving project performance. This study investigated the influence of M&E practices specifically planning, budgeting, and reporting on the performance of NGO projects in Machakos County, Kenya. The study adopted an explanatory research design and targeted 287 NGOs operating in Machakos County, as reported by the NGOs Coordination Board (2021/2022) published in the year 2023. From each NGO, one M&E officer, one project officer, and one community leader were selected, resulting in a target population of 861 respondents. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 273 was determined at a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error. Stratified random sampling ensured representative selection across respondent categories. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The instrument was pre-tested on 10% of the sample in Kajiado County which had similar operational contexts as those in Machakos County. Validity was ensured through expert review, and reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient being > 0.7. Data was statistically analysed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics incorporating means and standard deviations described sample characteristics, while inferential statistics incorporating Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis assessed relationships among variables. Diagnostic tests for linearity, normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity validated the underlying assumptions of the regression model. The study revealed a significant positive relationship between M&E planning, budgeting, and reporting practices and project performance. It concluded that strengthening M&E practices is essential for enhancing NGO project outcomes. The study recommended improved M&E frameworks, robust reporting systems, clear communication strategies, and stronger accountability mechanisms. Ethical and legal standards were upheld throughout the study, and findings were shared with relevant stakeholders for policy and practice improvement.