Structured supervision planning in master’s research: exploring institutional practices and stakeholder experiences in African universities.

Abstract

This study examined the practices, experiences, and institutional support structures related to structured supervision planning within master’s degree programmes across selected African universities. Using a mixed-methods research design, data was collected from 362 respondents 214 master’s students and 148 supervisors through structured questionnaires featuring Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative insights provided contextual depth on supervision dynamics. Findings show that both supervisors and students recognize structured supervision planning as essential for improving research progress, clarity of expectations, and overall thesis quality. Supervisors reported higher levels of engagement in co-developing supervision plans, clarifying deliverables, and encouraging student responsibility. Students affirmed the benefits but noted inconsistencies, particularly in their involvement in developing milestones and in the regular review of supervision plans. Institutional support was perceived as moderate, with existing policies insufficiently communicated, limited digital tools for supervision management, and minimal monitoring or accountability mechanisms. Comparative analysis revealed perceptual gaps between supervisors and students regarding collaboration, clarity, and institutional backing. Both groups agreed, however, that structured planning enhances motivation, confidence, and timely completion of research. The study concludes that while structured supervision planning is valued, its implementation remains uneven across institutions. The paper recommends strengthening institutional frameworks, providing targeted training for supervisors, adopting digital supervision management systems, and embedding structured planning within quality assurance processes. These interventions can enhance consistency, efficiency, and research outcomes, contributing to a more supportive and sustainable postgraduate supervision environment in African higher education.