http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/248 Thu, 14 May 2026 09:45:55 GMT 2026-05-14T09:45:55Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1003 Assessing the impact of startup bootcamps on entrepreneurial skills development: Insights from student participants Kahenya, Paul N. The study aimed at assessing the impact of bootcamps on self-reported entrepreneurial skills development among selected undergraduate students at Africa Nazarene university, Kenya. The students had participated in three different bootcamps facilitated by diverse teams from Handong Global university, Korea. The study adopted an action research approach, where a semi-structured survey was administered to 71 students, with 14 responses analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings indicated a high satisfaction (92.9%), with students acquiring critical skills such as pitching, prototyping, and business planning (85%). However, challenges such as time constraints, technical difficulties, and lack of mentorship were noted as a hinderance to project continuity. The participants emphasized the need for financial support (35.7%), networking (28.6%), and mentorship (21.4%) as essential in sustaining their projects post-camp. Peer-led ESG camp was noted for its interactivity, while the professor-led camps were valued for structural support. The study contributes to theory building and decision-making process on the importance of innovation camps in fostering entrepreneurial mindsets. It informs future role of institutional mechanisms such as incubation hubs, extended mentorship, and funding; to enhance startups sustainability. Recommendations include integrating the camps program into the university curriculum and fostering partnerships to bolster the startup ecosystem. Limitations included a small sample size and unassessed entrepreneurial intentions amongst the students. Paul N. Kahenya (Africa Nazarene university) [pkahenya@anu.ac.ke] Journal of Social Innovation Education and Research / Journal of Social Innovation Education and Research, (E)3091-8960 2025, v.1 no.1, pp.44-60 https://doi.org/10.23375/JOSIER.1.1.56594 Fri, 29 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1003 2025-08-29T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/918 A comparative analysis of Africa’s labour experience with Gulf Region States: are we still slaves? The Kenya case Wanjohi, Kinyua; Mulinge, Gertrude Opinion article Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/918 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/917 Green crimes: the impact of genetically modified organisms on promoting food security in Kenya Khamala, Charles Kenya’s food insecurity hinders progress towards sustainable development. While the Kenyan Constitution guarantees every person the right to adequate food of acceptable quality, it also prohibits environmental and health endangerment. Whether and how to invest in genetically modified organism (GMO) technology as an alternative food production method is important. In this context, scientists should not be denied the opportunity of harmonising the tension between environmental safety and food security while upholding sustainable development. Scientifically, GMO crops are sustainable, notwithstanding the African Union’s rigid social and political setting. However, each state’s role in providing sufficient resources and law enforcement personnel is crucial. A GMO regulatory system addresses environmental safety and human health, explicitly adopting the developmental risk notion. Kenya’s 2012 cabinet ban on GMO foods derived from the Séralini Report which erroneously claimed that GM maize causes cancer in rodents. The health ministry established a Task Force to review the country’s readiness regarding GMO safety and adoption. Despite having been completed in 2014, its Report remains secret. In 2015, the High Court dismissed as premature demands for public participation on whether to unban GMOs. In 2022, President Ruto lifted the ban. Arguably, while permitting GMO experimentation, it is prudent to prescribe criminal sanctions. Beyond anthropocentric notions, green criminology provides a framework to analyse both illegal and legal environmental harms, and for appraising Kenya’s evolving GMO policy. The Constitution provides a right to sustainable use and also establishes enforcement mechanisms to compel cessation and restoration. Yet without punitive consequences, GMO regulations may not deter offenders from environmental contamination. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/917 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/916 Legal Aid for Effective Victim Legal Representation in Kenya’s Post-Election Violence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court Khamala, Charles The International Criminal Court’s legal aid scheme pays court-appointed victims’ lawyers. Yet, whether ICC or domestic legal proceedings can provide better victim satisfaction goes beyond the question of whether external or internal legal representation is more effective in protecting victims’ rights. In circumstances where guilt is difficult to prove, as in the ICC’s Kenya cases, victims’ interests may be better satisfied by pursuing compensation from local courts. This paper therefore argues that post-election violence victims’ interests may be satisfied by legal aid to support domestic compensation claims. Although numerous victims participated in the Kenya cases, non-confirmation of charges against the former Police Commissioner, withdrawal of the Muthaura and Kenyatta case, and declining to conduct reparation hearings after vacating charges in the Ruto and Sang case, culminated in widespread victim dissatisfaction. The paper contrasts the victims’ plight in the Kenya cases with fortunes of victims who participated at the ICC with those of the CAVI Police Shooting case and COVAW Sexual and Gender Based Violence case which effectively proved more satisfying for some victims. The question is whether legal aid for victims’ representatives before domestic courts may enhance the effectiveness of local responses to atrocity crimes. Although the comparatively successful recent domestic suits illustrate advantages of pursuing constitutional-based compensation claims, as opposed to punitive-contingent reparations before the ICC, these test cases require upscaling. Notwithstanding the ‘Kenyan Trial Approach’s’ significant impact on ICC evolution, to vindicate victims’ rights, the Trust Fund for Victims may consider donating to Kenya’s Victim Protection Fund so as to supplement PEV victim compensation. Kenya’s Legal Aid Act requires reforms to support indigent victims, particularly those suffering abuse of power. Khamala, C. A. . (2022). Legal Aid for Effective Victim Legal Representation in Kenya’s Post-Election Violence: Lessons from the International Criminal Court. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 11, 159–171. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.17 Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/916 2022-12-31T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/887 A Synthesis of Innovative Approaches and Implementation of Career Services in Kenyan Universities and Colleges Boiyo, Victor K. Though there are many reasons for unemployment in Kenya, lack of technical competencies and skills has been flagged as one of the major reasons. This revelation triggered the Ministry of Education to roll out the establishment of the Office of Career Services (OCS) in all universities and tertiary institutions in 2018. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the progress made in the implementation of career services offices in colleges and universities in Kenya and to identify innovative approaches adopted. Primary data was collected by interviewing career services officers in selected institutions while secondary data was collected through a synthesis of relevant research and publications. Quantitative and qualitative data collected were analyzed using mixed methods and presented in summaries, tables, and percentages. The study found out that the three major and common factors driving change in career services are reforms in the education sector, changes in the labor market, and globalization. Regarding the implementation of the office of career services, 88% of the institutions placed internships and attachment programs as very important areas of focus. It was further found that only 8% of the institutions consider innovation programs as a very important element of the career services office. Furthermore, the study found that in the adoption and use of technology, 60% of the institutions rated high use in the adoption of technology in training while only 6% rated high use in the adoption of labor market information systems. It was noteworthy that 100% of the participating institutions had adopted technology in the provision of career services information to students. The study also found that 60% of the institutions somewhat consider the role of parents in students’ careers while 40% did not. This paper observed that successful implementation and delivery of career services in Kenya requires the adoption of innovative approaches in methods of delivery, adoption, and use of technology, robust and responsive partnerships, and redefining the role of all stakeholders including parents and guardians in students’ career development journey. It is thus recommended that these four areas should be delivered in a way that allows for education and training systems to be responsive to the skills for the future. Fri, 16 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/887 2022-12-16T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/713 Fibropapillomatosis infection in a population of green turtles at Watamu Bay, Kenya Jones, Sharon M.; Caspi, Itamar; Lucas, Charles Anthropogenic stressors from onshore and offshore activities can act as driving factors of disease for a wide range of marine organisms. Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are prominently afflicted with a tumour-causing disease known as fibropapillomatosis (FP) caused by the chelonid alphaherpesvirus ChHV5. Previous studies indicate that pathways of FP transmission may be genetic (vertical transmission) or linked to causal factors in a turtle’s environment (horizontal transmission). In this paper patterns of FP prevalence were examined in 10,896 records of green turtles caught or found stranded around Watamu Bay, Kenya, between 2003 – 2020. Findings were focused on locational and seasonal factors that may potentially influence infection. The findings show that FP prevalence varies significantly on an annual basis. Location significantly influenced infection prevalence, with prevalence higher in open ocean sites than sites located within the creek. Infection prevalence was highest at sites around the creek mouth and north of the creek mouth, with both regions exhibiting disparate annual patterns of infection. This paper is the first to examine long-term trends of FP prevalence in-depth in this region and has implications for the health of turtles and marine biota found along the Kenyan coast, and potentially within the wider Western Indian Ocean region. The findings emphasize the need to distinguish the infection pathways of causative agents via: i) further examination of the links between infection and environmental and/or biont community factors; and ii) the collection of data pertinent to the genetic diversity of green turtles and associated ChHV5 viral strains occurring in the Western Indian Ocean. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/713 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/514 Christian-Muslim Dialogue with Particular Reference to Pentecostals and Muslims in Nairobi North District, Nairobi County, Kenya Kamau, Patrick Mburu Interfaith dialogue is becoming a household name in our global society within the context of religious pluralism. Christians and Muslims are widely spread across the globe commanding almost a half of global population. Some Christians, particularly among some Pentecostals view Muslims with distrust, apprehension and rivalry. In Nairobi, Kenya, features of mistrust, disharmony, and intolerance among Pentecostal churches toward Muslims have been witnessed and vice versa. The study explored Christian-Muslim dialogue with particular reference to Pentecostal Christians and Muslims in Nairobi, Kenya. It examines Biblical and Qur’anic teaching on Christian-Muslim dialogue. Integrated Inclusivism Conceptual Model of interfaith dialogue is discussed showing how various areas of convergence and divergence work. Constructive Christian-Muslim dialogue should take into consideration integrated inclusivism ideals such as shared theological concepts and values, socio-political and economic dialogue and divergent theological concept. The paper recommends that Pentecostals Christians and Muslims should not ignore Biblical and Qur’anic teachings. Overarching interfaith hindrances should be reduced in order to talk to each other in a respectful way. In conclusion, interfaith dialogue is the solutions for effective dialogue between Muslims and Pentecostal Christians in Nairobi, Kenya. Sat, 01 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/514 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/512 Gift Mtukwa, “A Reconsideration of Self Support in Light of Paul’s Collections” Mtukwa, Gift Scholars have rightly recognized the importance of Paul’s collections and the fact that it is the one thing which he dedicated much of his time and energy. Paul’s collections reveal partly the economic relationship that existed among Pauline churches. The subversive nature of this collection is quite evident since Paul moves resources from subject to another subject. There is no doubt that it formed part of the glue that united various Christian congregations. This paper seeks to reconsider the call for the church (particularly the African church) to be self-supporting in light of Pauline collections. Since Paul did not write a treatise on money, we will rely on his undeveloped theology of finances, deciphered from his instructions to his fledgling churches to assist the poverty-stricken believers of Jerusalem. The Roman Empire’s economic systems will be used to illuminate the subversive nature of Paul’s practice in light of dominant culture. It is anticipated that the Pauline approach can liberate the church of Jesus Christ to use God’s resources wherever they are and wherever they are needed for God’s work. The study proposes that if Christian giving is properly done, it has the capacity to “equalize” our unequal world as resources will move from where they are to where they are most needed. Paul’s approach can free the African church to be missional just as the Pauline newly founded church communities. Texts Romans 15:25-32, 1 Cor. 16:1-4; 2 Cor. 8-9 Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/512 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/510 Ancestral Worship and the Church in Africa Mtukwa, Gift Even after one hundred and fifty years of Christian missions in Africa, the ancestral cult is still a reality. This is not only the case among the un-churched but among Christians as well. A good number of African Christians pledge allegiance to both the ancestors and Christ. Some sympathetic critics hold that there is no such thing as ancestral cult, but ancestral veneration-proper respect given to one’s elders. This position cannot stand the evidence taken from various African communities particularly those South of the Sahara. The ancestors occupy a place of prominence among the deities of Africa, and in some cases, there are the only ones that are invoked. The practice is against the Christian scriptures, tradition, reason and experience. The African Christian must say no to the cult of the ancestors or anything that competes for the allegiance that rightly belongs to Christ. This paper looks at who are the ancestors, their place among the African people, whether or not they are worshipped, the Christian perspective on the subject of ancestor veneration, and offer some recommendations for the African church. Particular attention will be given to the cult of the ancestors. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/510 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/440 An analysis on dynamics that lead to counterfeit purchasing behavior of ICT products among youths Githii, Stephen; Maina, Stephen; Kamau, John N.; Njau, Mary M. Trade in counterfeit products has become one of the world leading illegal activities accounting for billions of dollars exchanged annually. It is estimated that the trade is worth over USD 600 billion far much higher than the GDP of many developing countries. This study sought to identify factors behind this menace that is costly to individuals, compan ies and governments. Methodology of the study involved a cross-sectional design where a sample of 142 respondents was picked randomly to fill a questionnaire. The respondents were from middle-income families and the upper class in Kenya. This study identified perception of youthfulness, weak regulations, weak branding, external influence, irresponsibility and moral decline as some of the major factors driving counterfeit trade. Ignorance and poverty were also identified as factors contributing to this phenomenon. The study recommends more awareness campaigns even among the educated to be increased as well as development of more severe penalties on those who trade with counterfeit to deter its growth. More studies should be carried out to establish the extent to which decline in moral standards globally has contributed to this phenomenon. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.anu.ac.ke/handle/123456789/440 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z