Environment and Natural Resource Management

Assessment of Socio-Economic Drivers, Community Participation, and Ecological Outcomes of Community-Led Governance Systems in Ruko Conservancy, Kenya

2026-07-28T07:22:11Z

Assessment of Socio-Economic Drivers, Community Participation, and Ecological Outcomes of Community-Led Governance Systems in Ruko Conservancy, Kenya Laurine, Koech Jemutai Conserving biodiversity is critical for maintaining ecological balance, supporting sustainable livelihoods, and ensuring ecosystem health. In Kenya, habitat loss, fragmentation, and changing climate are major threats to biodiversity, increasing the frequency and severity of drought, impacting wildlife and local communities. The study examined the effectiveness of community led governance in conservation of biodiversity in Ruko Conservancy, Kenya. The study was conducted using a cross sectional, mixed method design, based on the theories of place-based learning, social learning and resource dependence. Five locations—Komolion, Korossi, Mukutani, Kapkechui, and Rugus—were identified and 330 surveys were conducted, with five key stakeholder interviews added in. GIS mapping and NDVI computation were used to explore the land use/land cover (LULC) change and vegetation health between 1985 and 2025.The findings suggest that community involvement is crucial to Ruko's conservation efforts, with younger community members more involved than the older. 59.1% of the respondents reported better conservation results after implementing community led governance. The ecological analysis indicated an increase in tree cover from 11.84% (1985) to 30.19% (2025), as well as a shift to a more diverse ecosystem and improved woody vegetation health. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the importance of local involvement in resource management, biodiversity conservation, and peacebuilding, as exemplified by the Ruko Community Conservancy. Yet, outside insecurity remains a challenge, threatening governance structures and sustainability. The study calls for institutional measures to support equity and accountability, representation of women and youth through formalization, capacity development, and the inclusion of long-term monitoring in conservation funding to address these issues. They are vital in sustaining community-led conservation areas in Kenya and offer a framework for the effective management of biodiversity whilst allowing for local control. A Research Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Environment and Natural Resource Management in the Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management and the School of Science and Technology of Africa Nazarene University

Impact of Climate Variability on Households’ AdaptiveCapacity and Adaptive Strategies in Maasai Pastoralist Communities in Magadi Division of Kajiado County, Kenya

2026-07-20T11:39:46Z

Impact of Climate Variability on Households’ AdaptiveCapacity and Adaptive Strategies in Maasai Pastoralist Communities in Magadi Division of Kajiado County, Kenya Muya, Phiah Wanjiru Every corner of the world is already experiencing climate change, and the situation will worsen unless greenhouse gas emissions are reduced and adaptation measures are implemented. As a result, it is necessary to quantify the degree of variation and change in climate and the adaptive capacity of households and identify the potential effective adaptive strategies to buffer against climatic impacts. The goal of this study therefore, is to quantify the level of variation and change in climate, adaptive capacity of the households and the effective adaptive strategies for dealing with climate impacts of Maasai pastoral households in Magadi division of Kajiado County. The specific objectives of the study were to: (i) determine the characteristics of Maasai pastoral households, (ii) assess the level of climate variation and change, (iii) determine the adaptive capacity to climate variability and change of Maasai pastoral households, (iv) evaluate the adaptive strategies to climate variation and change undertaken by Maasai pastoral households in Magadi division of Kajiado County. This study used a mixed-methods research design. Primary data were collected through household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussion reports, archival documents, and journals as secondary data sources. A structured questionnaire was used to survey a stratified proportional random sample of 366 households. Thirty-four (34) key informant interviews were conducted on purposely selected respondents based on their knowledge on climate variation and change in the study area. Four Focus Group Discussions of ten (10) participants each were conducted within the four different locations in the study area to triangulate the information from the household survey. Descriptive (mean, median, mode, and frequency distributions) and inferential statistics (regression analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square, t-test) were used to analyze the collected data. Statistical tests were performed at a 5% level of significance. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS version 26) statistical software. The level climate variability was found to be high, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 35.4 and negative standardized precipitation index (SPI) in 17 years. Climate change based on long term rainfall trends was found to be on a decreasing trend. The Maasai pastoralists perceived the level of climate variability and change to be high (M = 3.97, SD = .204) on a scale of 1 to 5. There were no statistically significant (t=3.378, df 364, p=.059) differences between the male and female household heads in their rating of climate variability. The level of adaptive capacity to climate variation and change among the Maasai pastoral households was found to be moderate (M=2.55, SD=1.156). There were no statistically significant differences (t=1.688, df 364, p=.092) between the male and female headed households. The nature based adaptive strategies to climate impacts that were recommended included: forage preservation, ranked (M=3.94, SD=1.12) on a scale of 1-5; pasture restoration with enclosures, ranked (M=3.91, SD=1.11). while the non-nature based solutions to climate risks included: diversification to non-livestock livelihoods, ranked (M = 4.17, SD = .99); training on the climate mitigation measures (M = 3.88, SD = 1.38). The findings from the study will influence policy development in implementing climate variation and change adaptive and mitigating measures in Kajiado County. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Masters of Science in Environment and Natural Resources Management in the Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management and the School of Science and Technology of Africa Nazarene University

Impact of Modern Conservancy Models on Pastoral Grazing and Environmental Sustainability: A Case of Borana Pastoralists in Merti Sub-County, Isiolo, Kenya

2026-07-20T08:38:23Z

Impact of Modern Conservancy Models on Pastoral Grazing and Environmental Sustainability: A Case of Borana Pastoralists in Merti Sub-County, Isiolo, Kenya Galma, Ambrose Abdub This study assessed the impact of modern conservancies on four areas: land tenure security and pastoral mobility, vegetation cover and ecosystem health, social cohesion and community governance, and policy strategies for sustainable grazing and conservation in Merti Sub- County, Isiolo County, Kenya. The area is predominantly inhabited by Borana pastoralists who depend on communal rangelands for their livelihoods. The emergence of community conservancies has introduced new dynamics in land governance, raising questions about their influence on customary land rights, ecosystem functionality, and local governance systems. The study pursued four objectives: to explore conservancies’ impact on land tenure security and pastoral mobility; to evaluate their effect on vegetation and ecosystem health; to analyse their influence on social cohesion and community governance; and to propose policy strategies for sustainable grazing and conservation. A mixed-methods approach engaged 150 participants, including 138 pastoral households and 12 key informants comprising conservancy officials, local leaders, and government officers. Data were collected through household questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and document review. Remote sensing analysis using 30-m Landsat imagery processed via Google Earth Engine was used to assess vegetation dynamics over time. To examine the impact of conservancies on land tenure security and pastoral mobility, household survey results showed that 81.9% of respondents perceived their tenure as secure despite 92.8% lacking formal land documentation. However, 14.5% reported restricted access to grazing areas due to the expansion of conservancy boundaries, and 58.7% observed changes in grazing access, with 26.1% attributing these directly to conservancy rules. Only 35.5% believed conservancies supported traditional mobility patterns, suggesting limited alignment with pastoral land-use systems. To evaluate the effect of conservancies on vegetation and ecosystem health, household responses were mixed: 40.6% believed conservancies contributed positively to environmental outcomes, 45.7% saw no impact, and only 30.4% considered conservancy lands better managed. In contrast, remote sensing analysis showed increased vegetation greenness and density within conservancies, supported by 2024 land cover maps that revealed improved shrub, grassland, and tree cover—indicating localized ecological recovery under conservancy management. To analyse the influence of conservancies on social cohesion and community governance, 55.1% of households reported receiving tangible benefits such as education support, water access, and livestock services, while 44.9% received none. Additionally, 50.7% felt excluded from conservancy decision-making. Interviews and focus groups reinforced these perceptions, highlighting elite capture, limited community involvement, and weak integration of customary governance systems like the Dedha. To propose policy strategies for sustainable grazing and conservation, the study drew on document reviews and stakeholder consultations. Key recommendations include the legal registration of communal lands to safeguard mobility corridors; formal inclusion of Dedha committees in conservancy governance; establishment of inclusive decision-making structures; investment in drought-resilient grazing infrastructure; promotion of community-based geospatial monitoring; and implementation of transparent, equitable benefit-sharing frameworks. In conclusion, while modern conservancies have potential to support rangeland restoration and diversify livelihoods, their effectiveness depends on aligning with customary tenure and mobility systems, producing measurable ecological benefits, and fostering inclusive, culturally legitimate governance. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Environment and Natural Resource Management in Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management and in the School of Science and Technology of Africa Nazarene University

Exploring the Role of Small-Scale Bioethanol Cooking Fuel Projects in Enhancing Climate Resilience in Alego-Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya.

2026-07-20T08:24:00Z

Exploring the Role of Small-Scale Bioethanol Cooking Fuel Projects in Enhancing Climate Resilience in Alego-Usonga Sub-County, Siaya County, Kenya. Owiti, Pauline Climate change has emerged as a critical global challenge, affecting the most vulnerable populations, particularly in developing regions where agricultural livelihoods rely on stable 11 weather patterns. This study sought to evaluate the existing energy status and the climate change challenges affecting these communities, with the aim of establishing their energy requirements and the effects of climate fluctuations. Specifically, the study was carried out to assess community perceptions regarding greenhouse gas emissions from bioethanol versus traditional cooking fuels in Alego-Usonga Sub-County, to determine the socio-economic impacts of bioethanol projects on community livelihoods, and to identify barriers to bioethanol adoption and recommend strategies for scaling up such projects in Siaya. Several delimiters guided the study. Geographically, the research was conducted in the Alego- Usonga Sub-County, one of the six sub-counties of Siaya County. Given that the area faces high poverty levels and has experienced the effects of climate change over a long period, it provided an opportunity for an in-depth analysis of the local context and the unique challenges faced by its inhabitants. The study was anchored on the Energy Ladder Theory, a conceptual framework that explained how households and communities transitioned from using traditional, inefficient energy sources to modern, cleaner energy as their socio- economic conditions improved. A mixed-methods research design was adopted to comprehensively address the study’s objectives. A two-stage sampling method was employed to ensure a comprehensive and representative selection of communities and households within Alego-Usonga Sub-County. A structured household survey served as the primary quantitative tool used to collect data from a broad range of households. The quantitative data collected from the surveys was analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics such as means, percentages, and standard deviations were used to summarize key variables, including household energy consumption, income levels, and time saved after adopting bioethanol. The study further found that the community perceives bioethanol as a clean fuel source, with respondents strongly agreeing that it reduces air pollution and deforestation. The findings also revealed that bioethanol adoption has had a notably positive influence on household well-being in Alego-Usonga, Siaya County. Further, it was determined by the study that technical limitations, such as the skills needed to operate and maintain bioethanol equipment, were also noted as barriers. Cultural resistance was found to be minimal in this study, suggesting a strong openness within the community towards embracing alternative and cleaner cooking technologies. It was concluded by the study that while there is a promising shift toward cleaner energy through the adoption of bioethanol in Alego-Usonga, traditional biomass fuels like firewood still dominate due to structural and affordability barriers. It was also concluded by the study that while there is strong community openness toward adopting bioethanol cooking technologies in Siaya, significant barriers such as high stove costs, limited access to information, and technical challenges hinder widespread adoption. A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Environment and Natural Resource Management in the department of Environment and Natural Resource Management and the school of Science and Technology of Africa Nazarene University.

Assessment of the Stone Quarrying Activities on Sustainable Environmental Management in Kajiado East Sub County, Kajiado County, Kenya

2026-07-15T07:46:26Z

Assessment of the Stone Quarrying Activities on Sustainable Environmental Management in Kajiado East Sub County, Kajiado County, Kenya Mworia, Karani S Stone quarrying has remained a vital economic activity, providing essential raw materials for infrastructure development. However, its environmental and socio-economic implications have raised growing concerns, especially in developing countries. Quarrying activities have had both positive and negative effects on the biophysical environment and the livelihoods of nearby communities. While the industry created employment opportunities, improved local incomes, and contributed to infrastructure development, it also resulted in significant environmental degradation, including loss of biodiversity, dust and water pollution, lowering of the water table, soil erosion, land deformation, and increased health risks such as respiratory ailments and accidents. In Kenya, the rapid expansion of quarrying operations, driven by the high demand for building materials, intensified these challenges. Although several studies have examined the impacts on air and water quality in Kajiado County, few have comprehensively assessed the changes in vegetation cover and socio-economic effects in pastoral regions, such as Kajiado East Sub-County. This gap highlighted the need for a detailed investigation into the relationship between quarrying operations, environmental outcomes, and community welfare. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of quarrying activities on the biophysical environment and socio-economic well-being of communities in Kajiado East Sub-County, and to propose sustainable management approaches. Specifically, the study sought to assess the impacts of stone quarrying on the biophysical environment, investigate its effects on local employment and livelihoods, appraise the existing policy, legal, and institutional frameworks governing quarrying operations, and develop a sustainable quarry management model applicable to Kajiado County and Kenya. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating a case study, descriptive survey, and cross-sectional analysis. Data were collected through stratified and simple random sampling of 500 respondents using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, direct field observations, and analysis of Landsat and Sentinel satellite imagery spanning 1993 to 2023. Land-use and land-cover changes were analyzed using ArcGIS, while SPSS 29 facilitated statistical analysis. The study revealed that quarrying significantly contributed to land degradation, reduced vegetation cover, altered topography, and polluted both surface and groundwater resources. Socio-economically, quarrying improved employment opportunities and household incomes but also displaced communities, reduced agricultural land, triggered conflicts, and increased health hazards. Chi-square tests confirmed significant associations between quarrying intensity and both environmental quality and socio-economic welfare. Respondents identified weak regulatory enforcement, poor inter-agency coordination, and political interference as significant obstacles to effective quarry management. The study recommended strengthening environmental enforcement units, integrating phased land rehabilitation into quarry licensing, establishing community benefit-sharing frameworks, and promoting multi-stakeholder quarry management committees to achieve balanced and sustainable development. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Environment and Natural Resources Management in the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Management of Africa Nazarene University

Evaluation of factors influencing residents’ environmental satisfaction of four housing development estates In Maralal town, Samburu County, Kenya

2022-09-06T14:20:13Z

Evaluation of factors influencing residents’ environmental satisfaction of four housing development estates In Maralal town, Samburu County, Kenya Obita, Dominic Moi The concept of environmental satisfaction by estate residents can be used to gauge the condition of the environment and policies on the provision of environmental services. The environmental conditions within four housing estates (Sunrise, Loresho, Milimani, and Town estates) in Maralal town, are in a poor state and need to be addressed. The concept of environmental satisfaction by the residents can be used to gauge the level of this problem and in the process seek environmental solutions and develop a policy to guide environmental activities in the estates. The study was guided by the following objectives: to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors (age, plot size and household number) on residents’ environmental satisfaction, to assess the influence of environmental knowledge on environmental satisfaction of residents, to determine the level of influence of collective action on residents’ environmental satisfaction, to assess the influence of place identity on the level of residents’ environmental satisfaction and to determine the level of influence of place dependency on environmental satisfaction of residents in four housing estates in Maralal town. The ex-post facto research design was adopted. A stratified random sampling was used to select households. A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 269 residents of the housing estates. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 95 % level of confidence in a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS version 26). The residents’ environmental satisfaction of the four housing estates was found to be high (M=4.75, SD= 1.09) based on a scale of 1-7. Positive statistically significant influences were found to exist between residents’ environmental knowledge (β = .639, t=13.58, p<.001), collective action (β=.687, t=15.46, p=.001), residents’ place identity (β=.597, t=12.16, p<.001), and residents’ place dependency (β=.629, t=13.21, p<.001). Non-significant (p>.05) influences were found between residents’ environmental satisfaction and age of the residents and size of plot owned by the residents. The Findings of this research may provide useful quantitative data on environmental conditions and quality of services provided to members of the four housing estates in Maralal town and to the stakeholders involved in environmental management. This information will also assist the National and County governments in formulating policies applicable environmental policies that have the greatest impact on well-being of the people.

Factors influencing the level of use of alternative sources of energy among the Maasai pastoral community in Kajiado West, Kajiado County Kenya

2022-09-06T14:17:11Z

Factors influencing the level of use of alternative sources of energy among the Maasai pastoral community in Kajiado West, Kajiado County Kenya Kanini, John Wandere Conventional sources of energy are normally expensive and have a negative impact on the environment, requiring the use of alternative energy sources that have minimum impact on the environment, which the Maasai pastoral community in Kajiado West have not adopted. There was therefore need to assess the factors influencing the level of use of alternative sources of energy with a view of addressing the issues. The specific objectives of the study were (i) to investigate the influence of level of awareness of alternative sources of energy on the level of their use, (ii) to examine the influence of technology availability and maintenance of alternative sources of energy on the level of their use, (iii) to assess the influence of affordability of alternative sources of energy on the level of their use and (iv) to determine the effectiveness of the sources of energy and the level of their use by the Maasai pastoral community in Kajiado West, Kajiado County. The study adopted the descriptive research design. The study targeted Maasai households in Kajiado West. The sampling frame was made up of the Maasai households that were specifically involved in pastoralism. A stratified random sample of 183 pastoral households were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS version 26). The level of use of alternative energy sources by Maasai pastoral households in Kajiado West was found to be low (M=2.09, SD=1.76) on a scale of 0 to 5, while their use of conventional energy sources was found to be higher (M=3.06, SD= 1.92). The level of use of alternative sources of energy by Maasai pastoral households in Kajiado West was statistically significantly influenced by awareness of the energy sources (β=.633, t=10.99, p<.001), availability of technology (β=.402, t=5.91, p<.001), affordability of the energy source (β=.648, t=11.44, p<.001) and efficiency of the energy source (β=.628, t=10.84, p<.001). The study concluded that Maasai pastoral households in Kajiado West had low level use of alternative sources of energy. The study also concluded that awareness, availability of installation technology, affordability and efficiency had a statistically significant influence on the level of use of alternative sources of energy within the target households. The study recommended that the County Government needs to create awareness of the usefulness of alternative sources of energy, encourage multi stakeholder networks related to the provision of renewable energy technology. The study findings will be useful to relevant stakeholders in particular enhancing the alternative sources of energy required to improve the community wellbeing and sustain the environmental conditions in the area. The findings will influence policy formulation in the area of energy.

Anthropogenic influences on the ecological integrity of the wildlife habitat along Kiserian-Kitengela-Isinya wildlife migratory corridor in Kajiado County, Kenya

2022-09-06T14:14:10Z

Anthropogenic influences on the ecological integrity of the wildlife habitat along Kiserian-Kitengela-Isinya wildlife migratory corridor in Kajiado County, Kenya Gichuru, Jerusha Njeri Human encroachment into protected areas normally has negative impacts to the natural resources and also the wildlife habitats in the area. The Kiserian-Kitengela-Isinya wildlife corridor was formed to allow for free movement of wildlife from the Nairobi National Park (NNP) to the Athi-Kapiti plains and the areas around Kitengela and north of Kajiado County. The corridor was once able to sustain and ensure unhindered movement of the animals while providing cover. Currently human encroachment and activities have affected the ecological integrity of this corridor and in turn the welfare of the wildlife, this study therefore aimed at quantifying the anthropogenic activities and their impact on the ecological integrity of the wildlife habitat. The objectives of this research were to; (i) assess the ecological integrity of the wildlife habitat, (ii) quantify ecological integrity of the wildlife habitat using ecological techniques, (iii) determine the extent of the anthropogenic influences within the wildlife corridor, and (iv) determine the influence of the anthropogenic activities on the ecological integrity of the wildlife corridor. A mixed method research design involving socio-ecological and ecological techniques was used. A stratified random sample of 381 household heads was selected proportionally from the three strata (Kiserian, Kitengela and Isinya). A structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion guide were used to collect socio ecological data from the participants. Ecological data protocols were used to collect data on the ecological attributes. The household survey data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 26 software at 95 % level of significance. Ground cover, Shannon and Wiener diversity index and plant attributes were used to analyse ecological data. The level of ecological integrity of the wildlife habitat was found to be low (M=3.0, SD=.45) on a scale of 0 to 10. The impact of anthropogenic activities was found to be high (M=7.74, SD=.65) and statistically significantly influenced (β=-.263, t=-5.30, p<.001) the ecological integrity of the wildlife habitat negatively. The findings imply that the corridor as a wildlife habitat is not useful and cannot be used for the purpose of wildlife management.

Influence of agroforestry and demographic characteristics on the subjective wellbeing of households practicing agroforestry in Gasabo District, Rwanda

2022-09-06T14:11:17Z

Influence of agroforestry and demographic characteristics on the subjective wellbeing of households practicing agroforestry in Gasabo District, Rwanda Mutagoma, Jean Luc Agroforestry coverage is low within households because farmers are less motivated to plant more agroforestry trees on their farms. This study aimed at assessing the influence of agroforestry and demographic characteristics on the subjective wellbeing of households practicing agroforestry in Gasabo district, Rwanda. Independent variables investigated were household demographic characteristics, agroforestry practices applied, agroforestry inputs used, agroforestry land size, as well as agroforestry income, and the household subjective wellbeing as the dependent variable. Government policy remittances were studied as intervening variables. Grounded on a review of literature on agroforestry and social-ecological system theory, a survey was conducted on a population of 910 households and a sample of 270 households practicing agroforestry in Zamuka Cooperative. The reliability of the survey questionnaire was tested before data collection. The selection of respondents followed a stratified random sampling procedure. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 20). The wellbeing of household demographic characteristics was very high (M = 6.99 and SD = 1.507) on a scale of 1 to 10. Except for the sex of the household head, other demographic characteristics (age, household size, and formal education level) showed no significant positive influence on the subjective wellbeing of households. The regression analysis exhibited that agroforestry practices applied have a significant positive influence on the subjective wellbeing of households (ß = 0.504, t = 9.554, p = 0.001), as well as agroforestry inputs used (ß = 0.418, t = 7.52, p = 0.001), agroforestry land size (ß = 0.196, t = 3.279, p = 0.001), and agroforestry income (ß = 0.485, t = 9.067, p = 0.001). The study concluded that agroforestry has a significant positive influence on the subjective wellbeing of households. Therefore, the study recommends that policymakers, development partners, and farmers to consider the significant positive influence of the sex of the household head; to increase the number of agroforestry practices applied, to increase the number of agroforestry inputs used, to increase the number of agroforestry land size, and to increase the number of agroforestry income for their influence on the subjective wellbeing of households practicing agroforestry

Influence of community participation and performance of solid waste management in Kibra Sub-County, Nairobi County

2022-09-06T14:08:24Z

Influence of community participation and performance of solid waste management in Kibra Sub-County, Nairobi County Wamukota, Irene The purpose of this study was to examine influence of community participation and performance of solid waste management in Kibra Sub- County, Nairobi County. The study was guided by the following research objectives; to determine the influence of awareness on the performance of solid waste management, to examine the extent to which campaign engagement influence the performance of solid waste management Kibra Sub- County in Nairobi County and to assess the influence of actors in solid waste management on performance of SWM Kibra Sub- County in Nairobi County. The target population of this study was 262 respondents in all the garbage collection companies in Kibera Slums. The slum has 7 sub locations and 7 garbage collection companies in each sub-location. A descriptive research design was used in the study. A sample determination table of Morgan 1970 was used to determine the population sample size of 152 that was involved in the study. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was cleaned, edited and coded to ensure good quality of the data. Coding of the data was done according to different variables and descriptive statistics such as frequencies, mode, mean, percentages and standard deviations was used for ease of interpretation. Tables were used to present data. The data was then analysed using descriptive statistics and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V.24). The study found out that all the three variables, awareness, campaign engagement and SWM actors influence the performance of solid waste management in Kibra Sub-county. Therefore, the study recommends that the relevant stakeholder for example, NEMA, County Government and the Actors should arrange a workshop in Kibra and other slums in Nairobi to create awareness on the dangers of solid waste management so as people could identify the dangers of good solid waste management and improve in the performance. Campaigns also should be planned within Kibra sub-county.