Master of Business Administration (MBA)

The Effect Of Business Strategy Implementation On Competitive Advantage Of Payment Service Providers In Kenya

2026-07-16T07:52:15Z

The Effect Of Business Strategy Implementation On Competitive Advantage Of Payment Service Providers In Kenya Kayago, Jeremiah Moronge In developing countries like Kenya, the competitive advantage of Authorized Payment Service Providers such as Safaricom is being threatened by rival firms, leading to instability. Recent data from the Communication Authority of Kenya (CAK) reveals a significant loss of market share for Safaricom and Equitel, with Airtel Kenya's presence growing steadily. Kenya relies on a vibrant and competitive payment service provider sector to foster economic growth, underscoring the importance of conducting the present study. Thus, the purpose of the study was to establish the effect of business strategy implementation on competitive advantage of payment service providers in Kenya (PSPs). The specific objectives of the study were: to determine the effect of organizational structure on competitive advantage of payment service providers in Kenya, establish the effect of strategic leadership on competitive advantage of payment service providers in Kenya, analyze the effect of resource allocation on competitive advantage of payment service providers in Kenya and assess the effect of strategy monitoring and control on competitive advantage of payment service providers in Kenya. The study was guided by the resource-based view theory and the resource dependence theory. Descriptive correlational survey design was adopted targeting the authorized payment service providers in Kenya as the unit of analysis and census was adopted. Information in its primary form was gathered with the aid of the questionnaire which shall have standardized items designed on a 5-point Likert scale. The analysis of the obtained information was aided by SPSS version 25 and presentation was done by tables and graphs. The findings of the study were expected to shed more light on how sound and effective implementation of business strategies can enhance competitive advantage of the firm. The study established that organizational structure (β=0.571, p=0.017), strategic leadership (β=0.427, p=0.001), resource allocation (β=0.520, p=0.011) and strategy monitoring and control (β=0.142, p=0.030) had positive and significant effect on competitive advantage. It was concluded that strategy implementation is a driver of competitive advantage. The study recommended that managers working with the authorized payment service providers in Kenya should strengthen their existing structures and systems by increasing the degree of formalization, decentralization so as to promote free flow of information and ideas between employees. The management team working with the authorized payment service providers in Kenya should enroll in short term courses to acquire more skills and knowledge in regard to strategic leadership. The finance managers working with authorized payment service providers in Kenya should allocate adequate financial resources in supporting the financing of viable investment projects. The monitoring and evaluation team working with the authorized payment service providers in Kenya should play an active and central role in guiding the regular monitoring, review and control of the formulated strategies. A Research Project Submitted on Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Award of A Degree of Master of Business Administration in the Department of Business Administration of Africa Nazarene University

Financial Risks and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in South Sudan

2026-07-15T10:24:04Z

Financial Risks and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in South Sudan Ngeny, Valentino Wol The banking sector in South Sudan has experienced more than a decade of significant financial risks since gaining independence from Sudan. Such risks that pose financial instability are characterized by internal and external factors like COVID-19 Pandemic and geopolitical tension both inside and outside the country. The industry comprises of both local, Joint Venture and foreign commercial banks characterized by poor financial performance. Consequently, the number of banks is reported undercapitalized and non-compliance with statutory requirement of 20% reserve with the Central Bank. This has led to the collapse of 14 domestic commercial banks as reported by both Bank of South Sudan and IMF. The financial sector is remaining vulnerable to risks that pose a threat to sustainability and financial viability, including liquidity, credit, exchange rate and interest rate risks. The study sought to establish the effect of financial risk on the financial performance of South Sudanese commercial banks. The objectives were to determine the effect of liquidity, credit, exchange rate and interest rate risks on the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan. The study adopted the theories of Liquidity Preference Theory, Interest Rate Parity, International Fisher Effect and Agency theories. Financial performance of commercial banks is to be assessed through ROA using data from 33 banks. The study used a longitudinal research design that observed data series over a period of time in which the target population is 33 commercial banks from 2014 to 2023. The researcher relied on secondary data and that were collected from audited financial statements of commercial banks and data obtained from Central Bank website. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistics within the multiple regression model frameworks to analyze the data using EVIEWS version. Diagnostic tests such as normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and Stationarity tests were performed to eliminate unbiasedness. The study findings indicated that credit risk (Coef=3.2201,p=0.0323) had a statistically significant and positive effect on the financial performance while interest rate risk (Coef= -0.5005, p=0.0211) found to have a statistically significant and negative effect on the financial performance of commercial banks. In addition, the research results found that exchange rate risk (Coef=0.0035, p=0.1362) and liquidity risk (Coef=0.0051, p=0.4135) had a statistically insignificant effect on the financial performance of commercial banks in South Sudan. The study recommended that banks should employ the use of swaps, spot, forward market, and bilateral agreement to reduce risk associated with exchange rates. Also study recommended banks to build trust and confidence with the public in order to reduce NPLs ratios, hence increase customers’ apathy to take loans that bring funds to the banks. Central bank to impose strict regulation on commercial banks to keep liquidity problems at bay that causing banks collapsed. A research project submitted to the school of business in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a master degree in business administration (finance option) at Africa Nazarene University

Strategy Implementation and Performance of Public Hospitals in Montserrado County: A Case of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Medical Centre, Liberia.

2026-07-15T10:16:53Z

Strategy Implementation and Performance of Public Hospitals in Montserrado County: A Case of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Medical Centre, Liberia. Tom Sherman, Sherman Strategy implementation is vital for organisational success. In practice however, achieving this within an organisation is not obvious. Studies have been undertaken globally, regionally, and locally on strategy implementation aimed at the achievement of desired performance of public hospitals though none exist for the public hospitals in Montserrado County in Liberia. The general objective of this study was to determine how strategic implementation affect the performance of public hospitals. This study’s main aim was to evaluate how strategic implementation affected the performance of public hospitals, specifically John Fitzgerald Kennedy Medical Centre (JFKMC), Liberia. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the influence of organisation culture; establish the influence of resource allocation; examine the influence of organisation structure; and assess the influence of strategic communication on the performance of public hospitals in Montserrado County, focussing on JFKMC in Liberia. The study was anchored by the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities view theories. The study applied the case study approach and was done in Montserrado County, Liberia, at JFKMC. The target population comprised 214 employees of JFKMC. The census approach was employed and therefore the entire population was entered into the study. Responses were sought through the utilisation of questionnaires. Data was analysed using the descriptive and inferential methods. The means standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were undertaken The study found that organization culture had a positive and significant effect on public hospital performance, with a coefficient of (0.395), p = 0.000 < 0.05, allocation of resources positively affected hospital performance (0.673), p = 0.000. Also, the results revealed that organisational structure had a positive coefficient (0.744) means that an improved organisational structure significantly enhances public hospital performance. Strategic communication positively impacted public hospital performance with a coefficient (0.230. The study concluded that efficient resource allocation and a strong organisational structure are crucial for enhancing public hospital performance. It further recommends that to enable a supportive organisational structure, there should be a clear and efficient hospital hierarchy that promotes accountability, enhances workflow, and ensures seamless coordination between departments to improve overall hospital performance. Another recommendation is the need to implement a data-driven resource allocation system to prioritise funding, staffing, and medical supplies based on patient needs, ensuring efficiency and minimising resource wastage. To cultivate a positive culture, hospitals should encourage collaboration and teamwork among staff to create a supportive work environment. This Research Thesis is Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Business Administration Degree in the School of Business of Africa Nazarene University

Effect Of Covid-19 Measures On Working Capital Management Of Nse-Listed Manufacturing Companies In Kenya

2026-07-15T10:10:25Z

Effect Of Covid-19 Measures On Working Capital Management Of Nse-Listed Manufacturing Companies In Kenya Mbaiyani, Simon Munge This study examined the impact of COVID-19 measures on the working capital management (WCM) of manufacturing companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) in Kenya. Adopting a longitudinal research design, the study was grounded in the cash conversion cycle theory, risk-return trade-off theory, agency theory, and liquidity preference theory. The target population comprised all eight NSE- listed manufacturing firms from 2017 to 2022. Secondary data were obtained from financial reports and the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Panel regression analysis was used to assess the impact of lockdowns (measured by period variations), fiscal policies (proxied by government spending), and monetary policies (represented by interest rates) on WCM. The findings indicate that company-specific factors predominantly influenced the Average Collection Period (ACP), with no significant impact from macroeconomic variables or the COVID-19 lockdown period (p > 0.05). However, the Average Payment Period (APP) and Inventory Conversion Period (ICP) exhibited statistically significant variations over time, with interaction effects between Company ID and period (p < 0.05), indicating that lockdown measures had an impact on these components. Similarly, the Quick Ratio (QR) was significantly influenced by inflation (p = 0.023) and company differences, with a marginally significant period- company interaction (p = 0.052), implying a possible impact of the COVID-19 lockdown. Conversely, the Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) was primarily driven by GDP (p = 0.024) and company-specific factors, with no significant effect from the COVID-19 lockdown period or fiscal and monetary policies. The analysis of government spending on WCM revealed no significant relationship (p > 0.05), suggesting that fiscal interventions, including supplementary budgets and tax incentives, had a limited effect on the liquidity and operational efficiency of NSE-listed manufacturing firms. Similarly, monetary policies implemented by the Government of Kenya and the Central Bank of Kenya did not significantly influence WCM, highlighting the inadequacy of these interventions in mitigating economic shocks. The findings further suggest that while government spending on social protection primarily targeted households, it did not provide sufficient support for manufacturing firms. The study recommends that corporations establish contingency funds to navigate future economic crises and that the government implement more responsive fiscal and monetary policies, including targeted financial support for businesses. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of broader fiscal and monetary interventions and assess post-pandemic government preparedness in stabilizing the manufacturing sector. A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration in the Department of Business and the School Business of Africa Nazarene University

Strategic Training and Development and Employee Productivity Among Paint Companies in Nairobi, Kenya: A Case Of Basco Products (K) Ltd

2026-07-15T10:02:00Z

Strategic Training and Development and Employee Productivity Among Paint Companies in Nairobi, Kenya: A Case Of Basco Products (K) Ltd Odhiambo, Roy Lorrens The strategic role of training and development (T&D) in enhancing employee productivity has gained prominence within Kenya’s manufacturing sector. This study investigated the effect of strategic T&D, specifically continuous learning, onboarding programs, and skills training, on employee productivity at Basco Products (K) Ltd., a leading paint manufacturer in Nairobi. The research was guided by three objectives: to examine the effect of continuous learning on employee productivity, to assess the influence of onboarding programs on employee productivity, and to evaluate the impact of skills training on employee productivity. Anchored in Human Capital Theory and the Resource-Based View (RBV), the study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 130 employees using structured questionnaires and analyzed through R software using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic tests confirmed the model's validity, with no violations of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, or homoscedasticity. Findings revealed that continuous learning, though the least implemented (M = 2.74), had a statistically significant positive effect on productivity (β = 0.1942, p = 0.0015), indicating that even modest investments in ongoing development can yield measurable improvements. Onboarding programs were rated moderately effective (M = 3.15) and had a stronger effect on productivity (β = 0.3797, p < 0.001), emphasizing the importance of structured induction and role clarity. Skills training was rated highest in implementation (M = 4.31) and emerged as the most influential predictor of productivity (β = 0.5990, p < 0.001), underscoring its critical role in enhancing technical competence and performance. The model explained 59.3% of the variance in productivity (R2 = 0.593), confirming the substantial impact of T&D on employee outcomes. The study concludes that while T&D practices at Basco are positively perceived, continuous learning remains underutilized compared to onboarding and skills training. To maximize productivity, the company should institutionalize continuous learning, refine onboarding programs, and align skills training with evolving market demands. A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Masters of Business Administration Degree in the School of Business of Africa Nazarene University

Effect of On-The-Job Training Period on Air Traffic Management Safety Performance in Kenya

2026-07-15T09:53:19Z

Effect of On-The-Job Training Period on Air Traffic Management Safety Performance in Kenya Ong’owo, Nickanor The quality of Air Traffic Management services during On-the-Job Training periods is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient air traffic operations. This study assessed the effect of On-the-Job Training on Air Traffic Management service delivery to air traffic in Kenyan airspace, focusing on establishing the influence of trainer experience, trainee educational background, workload during On-the-Job Training, and error management protocols on air traffic management safety performance in the Kenyan airspace. The theoretical framework is grounded in Experiential Learning Theory, Constructivist Learning Theory, and The 70:20:10 Learning Model. Quantitative techniques, including structured surveys, was utilized to gather data. The studywas conducted at Nairobi Area Control Center and Terminal Maneuvering Area, targeting 152 air traffic management personnel involved in On-the-Job Training, comprising air traffic controllers, trainers, and supervisors. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure representative selection, with a sample size of 108 determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table. Data collection involved structured questionnaires administered via Google Forms and printed copies, with a two-week completion timeframe. A pilot study involving 10% of the sample was conducted at Mombasa and Eldoret Terminal Maneuvering Area to assess reliability and validity, utilizing the split-half method and Cronbach’s alpha, with a threshold of 0.7 for reliability. Content validity was established through expert review and the content validity index. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, alongside inferential statistics, with regression analysis assessing the predictive strength of independent variables on air traffic management service quality. Hypothesis testing at a 95% confidence level determined statistical significance, ensuring a robust interpretation of relationships between variables. The study found that trainer experience (β = 0.248, p = 0.002), trainee educational background (β = 0.207, p = 0.045), workload management (β = 0.481, p = 0.000), and error management protocols (β = 0.030, p = 0.032) all had significant positive effects on ATM safety performance, with workload being the most impactful factor. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality, was strictly observed throughout the research process. The study concludes that ATM safety performance during OJT in Kenya is significantly influenced by trainer experience, trainee educational background, workload management, and error management protocols, with structured development, aligned curricula, phased workload strategies, and standardized error systems proving essential. To enhance these outcomes, it recommends policy reforms by KCAA, updated training curricula, dynamic workload tools, unified error frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and further research into post-certification performance and automation’s role in training. A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Business Administration Degree in the Business School of Africa Nazarene University

Effect of Strategic Management Practices on the Utilization of Community-Level Hiv Data in Kiambu County, Kenya

2026-07-15T08:54:26Z

Effect of Strategic Management Practices on the Utilization of Community-Level Hiv Data in Kiambu County, Kenya Gomba, Irene Akoth This study examined the influence of strategic management practices on the utilization of community-level HIV data in Kiambu County, Kenya. It focused on four key dimensions: strategy formulation, strategic leadership, resource allocation, and data collection approaches. A mixed- methods design was employed, combining quantitative data from 273 Community Health Promoters (CHPs) with qualitative insights from eight Sub-County Community Strategy Coordinators (SCCSCs). Quantitative analysis involved descriptive statistics, simple and multiple linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically to contextualize statistical patterns. The findings indicated that data collection approaches were the most significant predictor of HIV data utilization, demonstrating a strong positive statistical relationship. Strategy formulation also showed a significant influence, highlighting the importance of structured, locally adapted planning processes. Strategic leadership was moderately associated with data use, though its impact was hindered by weak supervisory structures and episodic engagement. Resource allocation exhibited the weakest statistical influence, but qualitative evidence emphasized the practical effects of unpredictable funding, reliance on personal resources, and donor dependency. Qualitative findings also revealed that community-generated data were often underutilized due to limited feedback loops, poor integration into formal plans, and insufficient training and supervision for CHPs. The study concluded that while strategic frameworks and leadership orientations are necessary, they are not sufficient for sustained HIV data use. Utilization is more determined more by the robustness of operational systems, routine supervision, and the ability to adapt strategic intent to local contexts. The study recommended that county health departments strengthen planning tools, institutionalize leadership support structures, establish dedicated budgets for community data functions, and invest in training and digital infrastructure for CHPs. These improvements are essential to enhancing the value of community-level HIV data for evidence-based programming in Kenya’s decentralized health system. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on strategic management by demonstrating how internal capabilities, when aligned with frontline realities, can transform data availability into actionable insight. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Business Administration Degree in the School of Business of Africa Nazarene University

Effect of Corporate Strategy Implementation on Growth Of Aviation Sector in Kenya: A Case of Kenya Civil Aviation Authority

2026-07-15T08:46:32Z

Effect of Corporate Strategy Implementation on Growth Of Aviation Sector in Kenya: A Case of Kenya Civil Aviation Authority Halake, William Wario Strategic implementation is considered as a key component of organizational growth and success in the recent times of a competitive business environment. Organizational leaders are bound to craft and successfully implement strategies to compete and remain relevant in the global business discourse. However, more often organizations craft good strategies but fail at the implementation phase and thus encounter several challenges including resistance to accept change by the internal stakeholders and rigidity on the side of management, ineffective communication and inadequate monitoring and evaluation programs. This study was therefore set out to assess the effect of corporate strategy implementation on growth of aviation sector: A case of Kenya Civil Aviation Authority. More specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of strategic leadership, strategic communication and strategic monitoring and evaluation on growth of aviation sector: A case of Kenya Civil Aviation Authority. The dynamic capability theory, contingency theory and the theory of growth of the firm were used to anchor the study. Explanatory research design was adopted in this study targeting 230 staff of Kenya Civil Aviation Authority and with use of stratified random sampling, a total of 146 respondents were selected. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires that had been designed using the existing scales and respondents were issued with questionnaires with 135 correctly filled and returned accounting for 93 percent of the total respondents. Piloting was done to determine instrument reliability while the supervisor and experts were used to establish instrument validity. The data analysis was done through SPSS version 26 means and standard deviations as well as regression analysis and presented through tables and figures. The analysis indicated that strategic leadership (p=0.029<0.05), strategic communication (p=0.031<0.05) as well as strategic monitoring and evaluation (p=0.000<0.05) were all significant enablers of growth of Kenya Civil Aviation Authority. The study concluded that corporate strategy implementation is a significant predictor of organizational growth. It was recommended that the top management team at KCAA should improve on their strategic leadership practices through constant sharing of its visions and strategic goals to all employees and other stakeholders. Strategic communication at KCAA can be improved by ensuring all stakeholders are adequately briefed and informed of the strategy implementation efforts and endeavors. The management team working at Kenya Civil Aviation Authority should have in place an implementation framework that can provide clear guidelines on the strategic implementation process. An Applied Research Project Report Submitted to the School of Business in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration of Africa Nazarene University

Capital Structure And Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks Listed In Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

2026-07-15T08:36:48Z

Capital Structure And Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks Listed In Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya Mohamed, Abdihalim This research was carried out to assessing the capital structure and financial performance of commercial banks listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange Kenya (NSE). The variables investigated were; debt, equity, reserves, earnings and share capital. The study objectives were: to determine the influence of debt on financial performance of commercial banks listed in NSE; to examine the influence of equity on financial performance of commercial banks listed in NSE; to assess the influence of share capital on financial performance of commercial banks listed in NSE; to establish the influence of reserves on financial performance of commercial banks listed in NSE; and to find out the influence of earnings on financial performance of commercial banks listed in NSE. The study was supported by three theories that is Modigliani and Miller Model, Pecking Order Theory and Trade-off Theory. Additionally, a descriptive research design was employed as it focuses on describing the state of phenomena or elements as they exist and is structured to address specific research questions. In addition, the research was carried out at Nairobi Security Exchange in Kenya, chosen for being the largest stock exchange across East Africa. The research used a census survey to include all commercial banks quoted at NSE. Moreover, the target population was 10 banks listed in NSE. Also, the sample size was comprised of 10 commercial banks. Consequently, secondary data was used and data was sourced from published audited financial statements of banks, historical data from the NSE, and banking supervisory annual reports from the Central Bank of Kenya, covering a period of 10 years from 2015 to 2024. Analysis of data involved Random Effect Model Analysis (REMA) that expressed the individual institution's intercept as a deviation from a constant mean value. The study’s results showed that debt had a significant negative effect on financial performance, with coefficients of -0.282 for ROA and -0.252 for ROE, both statistically significant at the 1% level. In contrast, equity had a positive, though weaker, relationship with financial performance. The coefficients for equity were 0.765 for ROA and 0.266 for ROE, both significant at the 1% level. Regarding financial reserves, the analysis showed a negative relationship with financial performance, with coefficients of -0.921 for ROA and -0.848 for ROE, both significant at the 1% level. Finally, earnings exhibited a positive impact on financial performance, with coefficients of 0.339 for ROA and 0.292 for ROE, both statistically significant at the 5% level. This suggests that retained earnings, as an internal source of funding, positively support growth and profitability. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the effects of capital structure components on financial performance in the Kenyan banking sector. It emphasizes the importance of managing debt and reserves carefully while fostering growth through earnings and equity. The findings offer policy implications for financial managers and regulators, suggesting a balanced approach to capital structure management to optimize profitability. It is recommended that commercial banks in Kenya consider maintaining a well-balanced capital structure, with an appropriate mix of debt, equity, and retained earnings, to enhance profitability and long-term financial stability. A Research Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Business Administration Degree in the Business School of Africa Nazarene University

Project Execution and Performance of Projects at the Telkom Kenya

2026-07-15T08:25:30Z

Project Execution and Performance of Projects at the Telkom Kenya Mburu, Cathrine Wambui Project performance in the telecommunication sector in Kenya faces significant challenges due to frequent delays, budget overruns, and inadequate resource management. As a result, many telecom projects fail to meet their intended goals, affecting service delivery and industry growth. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of project execution on project performance within the telecommunication sector in Kenya, focusing on Telkom Kenya as a case study. The specific objectives were establishing the effect of project funding, stakeholder involvement, and project strategy on project performance in the telecommunication sector in Kenya. The study anchor theory was stakeholder theory supplemented by participative leadership theory and theory of constraints. The study adopted a correlational research design. The target population for the study was 1111 employees of Telkom Kenya where a sample size of 294 employees was computed using Slovin’s formula. The study collected primary data using a structured questionnaire. The study utilized SPSS version 29 to analyze data where both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. On aggregate, majority of the employees agreed that project strategy is essential for project performance in the telecommunication sector as supported by aggregate mean response of 4.33 with standard deviation of 0.79 followed by stakeholder involvement (aggregate mean of 4.09 and standard deviation of 0.88) and finally project funding with aggregate mean response of 4.06 and standard deviation of 0.86. There was a strong positive and significant correlation between stakeholder involvement (r=.590, p<0.05), project funding(r=.576, p<0.05), and project strategy (r=.545, p<0.05) with project performance. Similarly, regression coefficient results showed that stakeholder involvement, project funding and project strategy have a positive significant influence on performance of telecommunication projects. Thus, the study concluded that project funding, stakeholder involvement and project strategy have a significant effect on the project performance. When securing project funding, it is crucial to identify the most appropriate funding sources, whether through grants, loans, venture capital, or crowdfunding, and ensure that project proposal aligns with their priorities. For effective project strategies, project managers should emphasize clear communication, defined goals, and continuous monitoring establish measurable milestones and regularly assess progress through transparent reporting. There is need to involve all key stakeholders like customers, regulatory bodies, partners, and internal teams early and consistently for smooth operations and project success. Regularly engage these stakeholders through meetings, progress updates, and feedback loops to manage expectations and address concerns. A Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Award of Master of Business Administration Degree in the Business School of Africa Nazarene University